Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as communicable versus non-communicable diseases. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. Diseases can affect people not only physically but also mentally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person's perspective on life.ĭeath due to disease is called death by natural causes. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person affected, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. For example, internal dysfunctions of the immune system can produce a variety of different diseases, including various forms of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. A disease may be caused by external factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms. Scanning electron micrograph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a species of pathogenic bacteria that cause tuberculosisĪ disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.
For other uses, see Disease (disambiguation).
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